INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
type: channel
description: Innovation & Development in Engineering and Applied Sciencesis an open-access technical-scientific electronic journal (Open Journal System) published by the Technical University of the North, with the purpose of disseminating the results obtained in research and technical studies. IDEAS has a permanent call for papers written by professors, professionals, university students, graduates, national and international experts, in areas related to applied sciences, science and engineering. There is no cost or fee associated with publishing in the journal. It is published every six months (January, July); in addition, it has the ISSN 2600-5573 that allows to identify the articles presented in the international database ISSN Portal.
publisher: Editorial de la Universidad Tecnica del Norte
language: en
publication name: INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
issn: 2600-5573
copyright: Authors retain the copyright of their works and grant the journal IDEAS the right of first publication. Articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which allows reading, downloading, copying, distributing, and sharing the content for non-commercial purposes, provided that proper credit is given to the author(s) and the original publication in the journal, without making modifications or creating derivative works. The journal IDEAS does not charge fees for submission, processing, or publication of manuscripts and guarantees open access to its contents.
items: Process model for a software testing service and its influence on final product quality
items: Mobile app implementation with E-Invoicing to optimize E-Commerce in retail smes
items: Environmental Monitoring with IoT and Big Data: A Systematic Review of Advances and Challenges.
items: An Econometric Analysis of Unemployment in Ecuador: Classical Approaches and a Machine Learning-Based Proposal
items: Data security and privacy in the information age in Ecuador.
items: Analysis of gastric cancer using artificial intelligence: An innovative approach in oncological research.
items: Application of multivariate techniques to productivity indicators derived from the simulation of production processes at a dairy company
items: Analysis of Resistance to Bactericera cockerelli in Potato Germplasm: A Sustainable Approach
items: Performance of SD-WAN vs. MPLS networks
items: Tribological Analysis of a MEP engine in the Cities of Quito and Santo Domingo with Different Oil Viscosity Grades
items: A Methodology to develop a strategic plan for Fair Trade Organizations in Ecuador. FEPP CAMARI case study
items: Implementation of clean technologies as a strategy to improve environmental sustainability in industrial plants
items: Risk factors associated with burnout syndrome in teachers in the province of Carchi.
items: Detection of Chronic Malnutrition in Children Under Five Years of Age Applying Multivariate Techniques
items: Study of associativity in MSMEs in the province of Imbabura-Ecuador, a case study of manufacturing industries.
items: Innovation in public services:
items: Cytochrome P450-mediated bioactivation of the chemotherapeutic cyclophosphamide for use in cancer gene therapy
items: Design and implementation of a portable modular platform for the teaching of microcontrollers.
items: The strategic process and competitiveness of a consulting company in the year 2022, case: JC Ingeniería y Consultoría S.A.C.
items: Review of the curricular design applied to mechatronics in relation to the labor field.
items: The impact of educational robotics on the development of soft skills and abilities in students in Ecuador
items: Wildlife species distribution modeling with unmanned aircraft
items: Architecture and software tools for Big Data management in computational environments
items: Development of a custom, lightweight API gateway in Java for secure access management and routing in REST APIs.
items: Automated control for process optimization in banana production in Ecuador
items: Methodology for the development of maintenance management systems based on the NTE- INEN-EN-15341 standard in manufacturing MSMEs in the province of Imbabura
items: Español
items: Immersive Education in the Transfer and Innovation of Scientific Research Results
items: Prediction of rainfall for prevention using ARIMA models, Bayesian Optimization, and XGBoost Model.
items: MATRIX METHOD FOR EVALUATION BASED ON EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS

Process model for a software testing service and its influence on final product quality
type: item
description: The research aimed to determine how a process model for software testing services affects the quality of the final product. This study is justified by the lack of a unified approach that integrates frameworks such as CMMI, TMMI, ITIL, and PMBOK to manage testing services under outsourcing schemes. A Design Science methodological approach was applied, combining literature review, model development, and validation through a case study in a Peruvian specialized consultancy. The results showed substantial improvements in delivery time efficiency, reduction of incidents, and increased customer satisfaction. Implementing the model enabled more rigorous process control, demonstrating that adopting international best practices has a positive impact on the quality and reliability of the delivered software. The study concludes that the proposal contributes to standardizing critical processes in testing organizations.
subject: Information and Electronic Engineering
  topic: section
subject: software testing
  topic: keywords
subject: quality
  topic: keywords
subject: outsourcing
  topic: keywords
subject: process model
  topic: keywords
subject: CMMI
  topic: keywords
subject: testing de software
  topic: disciplines
subject: calidad
  topic: disciplines
subject: outsourcing
  topic: disciplines
subject: modelo de procesos
  topic: disciplines
subject: CMMI
  topic: disciplines
creator: Cayo León
creator: Alejandro Bartra
creator: Fany Sobero
creator: Marcelo Cisneros Rúales
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Cayo León, Alejandro Bartra, Fany Sobero, Marcelo Cisneros Rúales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: ág. 11
ending page: ág. 11
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v8i1.1330

Mobile app implementation with E-Invoicing to optimize E-Commerce in retail smes
type: item
description: Retail SMEs in developing markets often face significant operational inefficiencies due to reliance on manual processing. This research addresses the critical problem of excessive transaction times (over 30 minutes) and the lack of automated fiscal compliance at "Men’s Locker Clothing Ec," a retail store in Ecuador. A descriptive-constructive methodology was applied using the Mobile-D agile framework to design and deploy a cross-platform mobile application with electronic invoicing (Flutter + Firebase). The evaluation followed a mixed-methods approach with 81 users. Results demonstrate a high level of user satisfaction, supporting the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM): 97.5% of users affirmed brand identity consistency, and 96.3% found the app easy and intuitive to use. Crucially, the application improved operational efficiency by reducing the average total purchasing workflow time by 74.07%, shifting from over 30 minutes in the traditional physical process to 15–20 minutes in the digital session. This study validates that lightweight agile methodologies and serverless architectures are effective strategies for modernizing retail SMEs.
subject: Information and Electronic Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Mobile apps
  topic: keywords
subject: SMEs
  topic: keywords
subject: E-Invoicing
  topic: keywords
subject: E-commerce retailing
  topic: keywords
subject: information systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Systems Engineering
  topic: disciplines
subject: Software Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Luis Fernando Palacios Ochoa
creator: Diego Javier Trejo España
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Luis Fernando Palacios Ochoa, Diego Javier Trejo España https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: ág. 14
ending page: ág. 14
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v8i1.1313

Environmental Monitoring with IoT and Big Data: A Systematic Review of Advances and Challenges.
type: item
description: The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data analytics has revolutionized environmental monitoring, enabling quantitative and qualitative advances in natural resource management. This systematic review, based on 55 studies published between 2019 and 2024 and following the PRISMA protocol, identifies trends, achievements and challenges in the application of these technologies. In agriculture, the adoption of IoT sensors has reduced water consumption by 35% and increased productivity by 12%. In water management, IoT nanosensors have increased the detection capacity of contaminants fivefold over conventional methods. Deep learning models, such as LSTM networks fed by data from more than 15,000 IoT nodes, have achieved greater than 92% accuracy in predicting extreme weather events. In addition, the integration of IoT and Big Data platforms in cities has helped reduce CO₂ emissions by 15% by optimizing traffic and energy consumption. Innovations such as edge computing architecture have decreased processing latency by 68%, and digital twins have improved the accuracy of predictive models by 40%. Globally, the environmental IoT market is projected to be worth $21.5 billion by 2028, with more than 152 cities implementing IoT networks for air quality and 35 million hectares under precision agriculture. However, challenges remain, such as interoperability (23% of deployments), initial deployment cost and the technology gap between regions. The IoT-Big Data convergence drives a transition towards proactive environmental management systems, although its scalability depends on overcoming these challenges.
subject: Energy, Environmental engineering
  topic: section
subject: Environmental IoT
  topic: keywords
subject: Big Data
  topic: keywords
subject: sensors
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability
  topic: keywords
creator: Gema Isabel Medranda Cobeña
creator: Gabriel Agustín Cotera-Ramírez
creator: Marely del Rosario Cruz Felipe
creator: Wilmer Antonio Moreira Sánchez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gema Isabel Medranda Cobeña https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-06
publication date: 2025-08-06
starting page: 12
ending page: 12
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i2.1288

An Econometric Analysis of Unemployment in Ecuador: Classical Approaches and a Machine Learning-Based Proposal
type: item
description: This study focuses on modeling and predicting unemployment in Ecuador using neural networks, comparing their effectiveness with traditional econometric methods. The dependent variable, unemployment (), defined as the percentage of the working population without employment, is analyzed based on seven macroeconomic predictors: Real gross domestic product (GDP, x₁), inflation (x₂, percentage change in the consumer price index), exports (x₃) and imports (x₄, valued in millions of USD), real minimum wage (x₅), public spending (x₆, percentage of GDP), and interest rate (x₇). Previous research, based on Okun's Law, identified linear correlations between GDP growth and unemployment reduction using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and cointegration models. However, these conventional techniques, including multiple regressions, showed limitations in capturing the nonlinear dynamics inherent in unemployment. In contrast, neural networks (NN), especially sequential architectures, demonstrated superiority in modeling complex interactions between variables. The study evaluates deep learning models with one and two hidden layers, identifying an optimal configuration of one hidden layer (16 neurons), achieving a loss of 0.2846, 75% accuracy, and Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.2064 on unseen test data. The results highlight the ability of neural networks to model unemployment more accurately than linear methods, attributing this to their adaptability to learn nonlinear patterns in multivariate data. This study demonstrates that variables such as GDP, inflation, public spending, and interest rates significantly influence unemployment. Neural networks (NN) effectively capture these complex relationships. Their usefulness in predicting socioeconomic phenomena in developing countries such as Ecuador is highlighted, overcoming the limitations of traditional models.
subject: Energy, Environmental engineering
  topic: section
subject: Unemployment modeling for Ecuador
  topic: keywords
subject: deep learning
  topic: keywords
subject: linear regression
  topic: keywords
subject: neural networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Iván Andrés Narváez Pistala
creator: Erick Patricio Herrera Granda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iván Andrés Narváez Pistala, Erick Patricio Herrera Granda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-06
publication date: 2025-08-06
starting page: 22
ending page: 22
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i2.1293

Data security and privacy in the information age in Ecuador.
type: item
description: Digitalization in Ecuador has increased in recent years, and with it the exposure of both personal and organizational data. This exposure increases the risk of cyberattacks. It is necessary to be aware of the risks that currently exist and recommendations for avoiding them. This study presents a systematic literature review with the aim of providing recommendations and recognizing risks in an increasingly digitalized Ecuador, using the PRISMA methodology. It demonstrates that the main threats are sophisticated cyberattacks and a lack of user awareness regarding cybersecurity. Although the Organic Law on Personal Data Protection (LOPDP) exists, there are challenges to its effective implementation. In conclusion, important strategies are presented, such as regulatory frameworks, ongoing staff training on cyberattacks, and the use of new technologies to prevent such cyberattacks. These measures, aligned with international standards, are important for strengthening Ecuador's technological resilience against threats from the digital environment.
subject: Information and Electronic Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Information security
  topic: keywords
subject: data protection
  topic: keywords
subject: security policies
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecuador
  topic: keywords
subject: vulnerabilities
  topic: keywords
subject: good practices
  topic: keywords
creator: Cristopher Quijije Menendez
creator: Wilmer Moreira Sánchez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Cristopher Quijije, Wilmer Moreira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-06
publication date: 2025-08-06
starting page: 13
ending page: 13
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i2.1287

Analysis of gastric cancer using artificial intelligence: An innovative approach in oncological research.
type: item
description: Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, primarily due to the challenges of early diagnosis, which often relies on invasive procedures and manual image analysis. This study presents the development of a web-based application powered by artificial intelligence, using convolutional Neural Network for the automatic detection of anomalies in endoscopic images. The methodology was structured into four phases: data collection, preprocessing, model implementation, and system evaluation. The algorithm achieved a classification accuracy of 97.4% and an average analysis time of 0.10 seconds per image, exceeding clinical performance benchmarks. The system proved to be effective, fast, and accessible to healthcare professionals, including those in resource-constrained environments. Its user-friendly interface and centralized database facilitated seamless integration into clinical practice. This research highlights the potential of deep neural networks in supporting early diagnosis of gastric cancer. Future work will focus on validating the tool in real-world clinical settings and exploring additional deep learning architectures to further enhance system performance.
subject: Information and Electronic Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Gastric cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Endoscopic images
  topic: keywords
creator: Michel Plaza Granoble
creator: Oscar López Gorozabel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Michel Plaza Granoble, Oscar López Gorozabel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-06
publication date: 2025-08-06
starting page: 11
ending page: 11
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i2.1286

Application of multivariate techniques to productivity indicators derived from the simulation of production processes at a dairy company
type: item
description: The objective of this research is to model and analyze production processes in the food industry, specifically in the manufacture of dairy products, using multivariate statistical techniques. The multivariate techniques MANOVA and PERMANOVA compare groups with multiple dependent variables. Productivity indicators evaluate efficiency and performance, facilitating improvements and strategic decisions. Simulation optimizes processes, reducing costs and improving efficiency through accurate analysis and predictions. To this end, the unit operations of the fruit yogurt production process were identified and documented, developing a structured database with the processing times for each process. The integrity of the database was validated, imputing 3.3% of the missing data using the KNN method, and the absence of outliers was verified using Mahalanobis distance. The analysis of the execution times determined the most appropriate probability distributions for each process, with validation using the Chi-square goodness-of-fit test. The simulation process was validated using a Student's t-test, comparing the actual process with the simulated one, which ensured its representativeness. Subsequently, improvement scenarios were simulated using FlexSim software and Lean Manufacturing techniques (TPM, 5S, Poka Yoke, and muda elimination), evaluating the impact on production times and the quantity of finished products. The results were analyzed using the PERMANOVA method, given that the assumptions of normality, homoscedasticity, and independence for MANOVA were not met. The analyses revealed statistically significant differences between the simulation scenarios, with the 5S scenario standing out as the most efficient in reducing production time and increasing the number of products. The model explained 44% of the variability in the results, highlighting the effectiveness of the 5S methodology in optimizing the process.
subject: Ingeniería Industrial
  topic: section
subject: PERMANOVA
  topic: keywords
subject: MANOVA
  topic: keywords
subject: Simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Productivity indicators
  topic: keywords
subject: Lean Manufacturing
  topic: keywords
creator: Cristian Andrés Flores Cadena
creator: Mairett Rodríguez Balza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Cristian Andrés Flores Cadena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-06
publication date: 2025-08-06
starting page: 14
ending page: 14
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i2.1248

Analysis of Resistance to Bactericera cockerelli in Potato Germplasm: A Sustainable Approach
type: item
description: Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) is the main vector of plant phloem-associated pathogens responsible for the potato purple top complex, a disease that can cause losses of up to 100% in potato crops. Chemical control methods, mainly based on insecticides, have proven to be inefficient due to the development of insect resistance. This problem highlights the need to implement sustainable strategies to mitigate its impact. One promising strategy is the genetic resistance of plants, specifically antibiosis, this type of resistance implies that plants negatively affect the insect's biology. In this context, the present study aimed to identify potato genotypes conserved by the National Roots and Tubers Program of the National Institute of Agricultural Research with antibiosis resistance characteristics against B. cockerelli, by means of a statistical analysis based on a complete factorial design. The evaluation considered the number of eggs oviposited on different days of evaluation in 9 wild species, 18 improved varieties, 15 native varieties and 18 promising clones. Genotypes with a marked resistance due to antibiosis were identified. These materials can contribute valuable genetic resources for breeding programs and the implementation of integrated crop management strategies, thus reducing dependence on pesticides that endanger human health and biodiversity.
subject: Agriculture
  topic: section
subject: Bactericera cockerelli
  topic: keywords
subject: resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: potato
  topic: keywords
subject: biodiversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Precipitation
  topic: keywords
subject: agricultura
  topic: disciplines
creator: Jessica Marlene Amagua Bautista
creator: Israel Herrera
creator: Xavier Cuesta
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jessica Marlene Amagua Bautista https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-13
publication date: 2025-11-13
starting page: 15
ending page: 15
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i2.1240

Performance of SD-WAN vs. MPLS networks
type: item
description: Software-Defined Networks (SDN) have emerged to enhance flexibility and agility in network environments by enabling management through the separation of the control plane and the forwarding plane. This separation allows networks to quickly adapt to changing environments. Meanwhile, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) networks manage traffic using a label-switching mechanism, providing key advantages in enterprise environments. This research comparatively analyzes the performance of Software-Defined Wide Area Networks (SD-WAN) and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) networks, focusing on critical parameters such as latency, jitter, bandwidth, and packet loss. For the analysis, different simulation scenarios have been designed, each subjected to a controlled traffic load. The results of each generated load are sent to a database, which is then connected to Grafana, allowing for easy data visualization through graphs.
subject: Information and Electronic Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: MPLS
  topic: keywords
subject: SD-WAN
  topic: keywords
subject: metrics
  topic: keywords
subject: GNS3
  topic: keywords
subject: quality of service
  topic: keywords
subject: Telecommunications Engineering
  topic: disciplines
subject: Network Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Santiago Meneses Narvaez
creator: Emilio Zhuma Mera
creator: Ángel Torres Quijije
creator: Marco Chimbo Fogacho
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Santiago Meneses Narvaez, Emilio Zhuma Mera, Ángel Torres Quijije, Marco Chimbo Fogacho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: ág. 13
ending page: ág. 13
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v8i1.1238

Tribological Analysis of a MEP engine in the Cities of Quito and Santo Domingo with Different Oil Viscosity Grades
type: item
description: This project focuses on analyzing the wear of SIE engines with oils of different viscosity in the cities of Quito (2850 m.a.s.l.) and Santo Domingo (655 m.a.s.l.), to identify the wear of the internal elements of the engine through tribological tests. A 2002 Nissan Sentra B15 vehicle was used and extra 87 octane gasoline, several oil filters for each test, lubricants with viscosity grades SAE 10W30 and 20W50. Likewise, measurements were made at different engine speeds, such as 1500 and 2500 rpm. The data obtained in reference to polluting gases allowed us to observe that 10W30 oil generates higher polluting emissions and higher maintenance costs. Finally, the tribological tests and trials show that oils with the same specification and different atmospheric pressure and viscosity grade, generate different wear on the internal components of SIE engines.
subject: Mechanical, Mechatronics, Vehicle and Materials Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Tribology
  topic: keywords
subject: Wear
  topic: keywords
subject: Motor
  topic: keywords
subject: Viscosities
  topic: keywords
creator: Ignacio Benavides
creator: Víctor Hidalgo
creator: Nury Moncayo
creator: Carlos Mafla
creator: Paúl Hernández
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
date: 2025-01-31
publication date: 2025-01-31
starting page: 14
ending page: 14
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i1.948

A Methodology to develop a strategic plan for Fair Trade Organizations in Ecuador. FEPP CAMARI case study
type: item
description: In Ecuador there are fair trade organizations that provide support to small producers who continually work empirically; FEPP CAMARI is a social organization that promotes equitable, fair and supportive marketing in society. Therefore, this study shows a methodological proposal of the strategic plan focused on small producers with fundamental and friendly strategic axes for efficient and effective execution.
subject: Ingeniería Industrial
  topic: section
subject: Strategic Planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Mission
  topic: keywords
subject: Vision
  topic: keywords
subject: Strategic Management
  topic: keywords
creator: Karla Negrete
creator: Jenyffer Yépez
creator: Marco Alarcón
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
date: 2025-01-31
publication date: 2025-01-31
starting page: 9
ending page: 9
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i1.964

Implementation of clean technologies as a strategy to improve environmental sustainability in industrial plants
type: item
description: This essay examines the impact of implementing clean technologies in industrial plants to enhance environmental sustainability. Case studies of companies that have adopted clean technologies, such as renewable energies, efficient waste management, and reduction of pollutant emissions, are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the implementation of clean technologies has shown to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decrease the consumption of natural resources in the studied industrial plants. Furthermore, optimization of production processes and reduction of operational costs are observed. These findings support the importance of adopting clean technologies in the industrial sector to promote more sustainable production. The successful implementation of clean technologies not only benefits the environment but can also generate economic savings and improve the corporate image of companies.
subject: Ingeniería Industrial
  topic: section
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Industrial Plants
  topic: keywords
subject: Clean Technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Production
  topic: keywords
subject: Industrial Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Aldo Parrales
creator: Luis Argüello
creator: Bárbara Cruz
creator: Juan Díaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
date: 2025-01-31
publication date: 2025-01-31
starting page: 16
ending page: 16
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i1.985

Risk factors associated with burnout syndrome in teachers in the province of Carchi.
type: item
description: Summary. Burnout syndrome is widely known as a work-related problem that afflicts teachers worldwide. This problem related to risk factors that generate stress arises due to the work environment and various situations related to dealing with people who demand a high level of dedication and involvement. The present study focused on identifying risk factors associated with burnout syndrome in teachers in the province of Carchi. The main objective was to validate the adaptation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to the specific educational context, and to propose a model of analysis of results based on artificial intelligence. When validating the instrument, it was identified that it was not completely adapted to the local context, so the instrument was modified, having to remove 5 questions that were identified as not relevant by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and demographic information of the participants considered of interest to the participating institutions was incorporated. Thus, for the extraction of results from the test, a new results processing model was designed based on multivariate techniques, contemplating 37 input variables. For this, multiple alternatives were considered, including binary classifiers, shallow neural networks and five deep learning models, finding that deep learning, especially a five-layer model developed with TensorFlow and Keras, offered the most accurate predictions of emotional exhaustion, a key dimension of burnout syndrome. This model achieved an accuracy of 86% and an MSE of 0.1193604, demonstrating its reliability for automatic detection of the syndrome without the need for professional diagnosis. The research validates the adaptation of the instrument to the target context and highlights the importance of establishing new models of analysis when using instruments modified from the MBI, ensuring their relevance and applicability in specific contexts.
subject: Information and Electronic Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Burnout Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Neuronal Rojo
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: disciplines
creator: Juan Velasco-Benavides
creator: Erick P. Herrera Granda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
date: 2025-01-31
publication date: 2025-01-31
starting page: 20
ending page: 20
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i1.1015

Detection of Chronic Malnutrition in Children Under Five Years of Age Applying Multivariate Techniques
type: item
description: This article shows the design of five classifiers for the detection of chronic malnutrition in children under five years of age, for which a database was processed with five quantitative and 26 qualitative variables that were subjected to a dimension decrease employing a multiple correspondence analysis, subsequently, by using neural networks the first classifier was generated. The following three designs used deep neural network techniques, starting from a principal component analysis that determined an architecture with a hidden layer that houses 96. 3% of the cumulative variance, the difference between these classifiers lies in the technique that determined the number of neurons in the hidden layer. The last designed classifier employs logistic regression as a traditional statistical technique. The study ended with tests performed with the best-performing classifier that allowed for establishing the most influential variables.
subject: Information and Electronic Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Chronic malnutrition
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial neural networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Classifier
  topic: keywords
subject: Multivariate techniques
  topic: keywords
subject: Logistic regression
  topic: keywords
subject: Computing and technology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Dennys Daquilema
creator: Erick P. Herrera Granda
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
date: 2025-01-31
publication date: 2025-01-31
starting page: 25
ending page: 25
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i1.1072

Study of associativity in MSMEs in the province of Imbabura-Ecuador, a case study of manufacturing industries.
type: item
description: The research carried out on MSMEs in the province of Imbabura through the application of a survey focused on knowing if MSMEs are aware of associativity and the benefits it generates, seeks to identify if companies are interested in managing an associative consortium model based on the economic sector in which they are classified according to the work activity carried out, for this the research was divided into phases. Phase I. identification of the population and selection of the sample using statistical formulas and a greater number of companies according to the economic sector and canton, obtaining a sample of 328 for the purposes of this investigation, phase II, information gathering was carried out through the application of a survey where information was collected about the strategic planning managed in each MSME and it was identified that a low number of companies have a strategic planning and organizational structure, phase III, with the purpose of analyzing whether companies are interested in forming associative consortia, six questions were developed, from which it was obtained that there is a lack of knowledge of the benefits that an associative consortium provides and that they are interested in managing activities to improve their positioning. both nationally and internationally
subject: Ingeniería Industrial
  topic: section
subject: Associativity
  topic: keywords
subject: MIPYMES
  topic: keywords
subject: Consortiums
  topic: keywords
subject: Strategic planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Industrial Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Jenyffer Yepez
creator: Karla Negrete
creator: Marco Alarcón
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
date: 2025-01-31
publication date: 2025-01-31
starting page: 11
ending page: 11
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i1.1078

Innovation in public services:
type: item
description: The implementation of an "Innovation in Public Services: Web Application for Citizen Revenue Collection with ISO/IEC 25010 Focus" arises as an essential measure to address the challenges inherent in the manual collection process of citizen services: drinking water, drinking water service installation, connection maintenance, reconnection of connections, garbage collection, sewerage, in society. The adoption of SCRUM, recognized for its agile and adaptable approach, is key to the execution of this project. By employing SCRUM, effective process management is facilitated, with iterative deliveries and close collaboration between developers and end users. This iterative approach allows for continuous adjustments and improvements during development, ensuring that the final platform meets the specific needs of the Santo Domingo N°1 community in the province of Pichincha, Cayambe canton. By integrating SCRUM and usability metrics in accordance with ISO/IEC 25010, the aim is not only to speed up payment processes but also to provide high-quality software that meets the expectations of partners and local authorities.
subject: Information and Electronic Engineering
  topic: section
subject: ISO/IEC 25010
  topic: keywords
subject: SCRUM
  topic: keywords
subject: Citizen services
  topic: keywords
subject: Web app
  topic: keywords
subject: Agile methodologies
  topic: disciplines
subject: Software development
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ramiro Aguirre Inga
creator: Ana Umaquinga-Criollo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
date: 2025-01-31
publication date: 2025-01-31
starting page: 23
ending page: 23
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i1.1109

Cytochrome P450-mediated bioactivation of the chemotherapeutic cyclophosphamide for use in cancer gene therapy
type: item
description: This review examines the role of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the bioactivation of the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide (CPA) for use in cancer gene therapy. The study explores specific cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4, responsible for metabolizing CPA into its active form, highlighting its potential in suicide gene therapy or GDEPT. The review also discusses genetic modifications made to improve the catalytic efficiency of these enzymes and addresses the challenges and future directions of integrating GDEPT with other cancer therapies to improve treatment specificity and efficacy.
subject: Bioengineering
  topic: section
subject: GDEPT
  topic: keywords
subject: Cyclophosphamide
  topic: keywords
subject: Gene Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Cytochromes P450
  topic: keywords
subject: Chemotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioactivation
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic Modification
  topic: keywords
subject: Biomedicine
  topic: disciplines
creator: Saskya Carrera-Pacheco
creator: Johana Zúñiga-Miranda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
date: 2025-01-31
publication date: 2025-01-31
starting page: 17
ending page: 17
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i1.1115

Design and implementation of a portable modular platform for the teaching of microcontrollers.
type: item
description: The research focuses on the design and construction of a modular teaching platform for microcontroller and embedded systems laboratories at a university. The platform consists of 20 modules with silkscreen printed components, communication ports and power supply. It communicates with the PC through a USB port, processing the information of the entire modular platform. The design and components used were selected in response to the real needs of teachers and students, gathered through surveys. In addition, the platform allows the integration of these subjects in the simulation of technological processes and the intelligent control of a house. The results show that the modular platform has improved the teaching-learning process, applying theoretical concepts in real environments. It works with Arduino IDE software and free hardware. Its design is ergonomic and didactic for each prototype station of each circuit. Its dimensions are 555 mm long by 355 mm wide, which facilitates its mobilization. The power supply of the boards is included and is indicated with a voltage of 5 V and 3.3 V. It is optimal in practice development time, circuit design and reduction of unnecessary expenses for students. The effectiveness of the project was evaluated through performance evaluations, satisfaction surveys and development of laboratory guides in areas such as automation, control and power.
subject: Information and Electronic Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Arduino
  topic: keywords
subject: Didactics
  topic: keywords
subject: Tool
  topic: keywords
subject: Microcontroller
  topic: keywords
subject: Modular platform
  topic: keywords
subject: Portable
  topic: keywords
creator: Juan Vásquez
creator: Iván Iglesias
creator: Luz María Tobar
creator: Ana Umaquinga
creator: Cristian Tasiguano
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
date: 2025-01-31
publication date: 2025-01-31
starting page: 19
ending page: 19
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i1.1119

The strategic process and competitiveness of a consulting company in the year 2022, case: JC Ingeniería y Consultoría S.A.C.
type: item
description: This study aims to establish the level of relationship between the strategic process and the competitiveness of a consulting company in the year 2022. The results obtained from the research will allow us to determine how the strategic process is being developed in the consulting company J.C. Engineering and Consulting S.A.C. and how this impacts its competitiveness. The research will help build an effective framework to analyze, review, and measure the impact of the strategic process on business competitiveness. It is concluded that the variables 'strategic process' and 'competitiveness of a consulting company' are positively related with a correlation coefficient of 0.696. This leads to the decision to reject the null hypothesis; that is, a significant positive relationship exists between the strategic process and the competitiveness of a consulting company in 2022.
subject: Information and Electronic Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Process
  topic: keywords
subject: Strategic
  topic: keywords
subject: Competitiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Consulting
  topic: keywords
subject: Business
  topic: keywords
creator: Fausto Salazar
creator: Juan Condori
creator: Cayo León
creator: Arturo Bartra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
date: 2025-01-31
publication date: 2025-01-31
starting page: 10
ending page: 10
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i1.1160

Review of the curricular design applied to mechatronics in relation to the labor field.
type: item
description: This article presents a review of the curricular design in mechatronics, aligned with the needs of the educational sector and the industrial field. Key components such as the integration of pedagogical knowledge and the development of technical competencies in fundamental areas such as educational robotics, mechanics, programming, design, electricity and electronics are examined, which facilitates the teaching of these disciplines in educational institutions. The research highlights the importance of training professionals capable of educating future generations in technical areas, as well as performing effectively in industrial sectors, strengthening the link between the university and contemporary social and technological demands. The study emphasizes the need to continually update curricular content, integrating essential pedagogical aspects such as didactic planning, formative evaluation and the use of active and collaborative methodologies, together with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), advanced manufacturing and virtual simulation. It is emphasized that the flexibility of the curriculum, both pedagogically and technically, is crucial for students to adapt to the educational field of mechatronics and the dynamic industrial environment. This approach ensures effective interaction between the university, society and industry, promoting comprehensive education that not only responds to the needs of the productive sector, but also to the growing demand for educators specialized in technology.
subject: Complete Number
  topic: section
subject: Curriculum design
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechatronics
  topic: keywords
subject: Labor field
  topic: keywords
subject: Professional skills
  topic: keywords
creator: Héctor Barros Castro
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Héctor Barros Castro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-06
publication date: 2025-08-06
starting page: 9
ending page: 9
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i2.1190

The impact of educational robotics on the development of soft skills and abilities in students in Ecuador
type: item
description: The present research reviews the impact of educational robotics on the development of competencies of students in Ecuador. In a context where education seeks to adapt to the demands of the 21st century, robotics is presented as an innovative tool to improve learning. The objective of this review is to analyze how the implementation of robotics in the classroom contributes to the development of technical and soft skills. A documentary methodology was used, reviewing previous studies and educational experiences in different institutions. The analysis techniques included literature review and case study. The main results indicate that students participating in educational robotics activities improved significantly in areas such as problem solving, teamwork and creativity [2]. In addition, an increase in motivation and interest in core subjects was observed. In conclusion, educational robotics not only enhances the learning of technical skills, but also fosters interpersonal skills, preparing students to face the challenges of future employment in an increasingly technological world.
subject: Complete Number
  topic: section
subject: Educational robotics
  topic: keywords
subject: competition
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: soft skills.
  topic: keywords
subject: Education
  topic: disciplines
creator: Marco Chiluisa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Marco Chiluisa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-06
publication date: 2025-08-06
starting page: 6
ending page: 6
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i2.1187

Wildlife species distribution modeling with unmanned aircraft
type: item
description: Aquí tienes el texto con la ortografía y el estilo académico pulidos (no cambié el significado, solo mejoré fluidez y correcciones menores): The use of drones and open-source software in Species Distribution Models (SDMs) represents an innovative approach to the study of wildlife. This article reviews the current state of the art regarding their integration, identifying trends, challenges, and opportunities. The methodology followed the PRISMA guidelines and included a literature search in databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Articles published within the last decade were selected if they addressed the use of drones in wildlife monitoring and the application of open-source tools in spatial data analysis. The results show a significant increase in the use of drones to collect precise geospatial data, improving the identification of habitats and species distribution patterns. Tools such as QGIS, R, and MaxEnt enable data processing without licensing costs, promoting accessibility and scientific reproducibility. However, challenges remain in terms of methodological standardization, the integration of heterogeneous data sources, and limited detection capabilities for certain species. Variability in image quality and environmental conditions also affects the accuracy of the results. In conclusion, the combination of drones and open-source software offers clear benefits: it enhances efficiency, improves model accuracy, and reduces costs. Nevertheless, greater standardization and technical validation are required to optimize its application in ecology and conservation.
subject: Mechanical, Mechatronics, Vehicle and Materials Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Drones
  topic: keywords
subject: unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
  topic: keywords
subject: topography
  topic: keywords
subject: accuracy
  topic: keywords
subject: resolution
  topic: keywords
subject: ecological reserve
  topic: keywords
subject: protected forest
  topic: keywords
subject: distribution model
  topic: keywords
subject: geospatial analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: wildlife monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Information and communication engineering
  topic: disciplines
subject: Image Processing
  topic: disciplines
subject: Machine learning
  topic: disciplines
creator: Marco David Revelo
creator: Luis Rivera
creator: Cristian Revelo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Marco David Revelo, Luis Rivera, Cristian Revelo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: ág. 18
ending page: ág. 18
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v8i1.1177

Architecture and software tools for Big Data management in computational environments
type: item
description: In the digital age, the processing of large volumes of data (Big Data) has become a fundamental challenge for organizations across various sectors. It is projected that by 2026, the global volume of data will reach approximately 200 to 210 zettabytes, driven primarily by the growth of IoT devices, social networks, and corporate information systems. In this context, software infrastructure plays a crucial role in the efficient collection, analysis, and storage of massive datasets. This article presents a critical review of the leading technologies and architectures used in the Big Data ecosystem, with particular emphasis on widely adopted tools such as Apache Hadoop, Apache Spark, and NoSQL databases (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra, and HBase). The capabilities of these technologies are examined in relation to the fundamental characteristics of Big Data—volume, velocity, and variety—while comparing their approaches to distributed processing, in-memory computation, and response times across different environments. Furthermore, reference architectures such as Lambda and Kappa are analyzed, highlighting their contributions to real-time and batch processing. Finally, current industry challenges are addressed, including scalability, the integration of heterogeneous data sources, and security and privacy concerns. The article concludes with a discussion of emerging trends such as Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Edge Computing, and Cloud infrastructures, which are redefining the possibilities of large-scale data analysis.
subject: Information and Electronic Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Big data
  topic: keywords
subject: apache hadoop
  topic: keywords
subject: apache spark
  topic: keywords
subject: data storage
  topic: keywords
subject: high availability
  topic: keywords
subject: fault tolerance
  topic: keywords
subject: cloud computing
  topic: keywords
subject: data lakes
  topic: keywords
subject: NoSQL database
  topic: keywords
subject: software infrastructure
  topic: keywords
subject: Computer Science
  topic: disciplines
creator: Fabián Caicedo Goyes
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fabián Caicedo Goyes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: ág. 8
ending page: ág. 8
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v8i1.1174

Development of a custom, lightweight API gateway in Java for secure access management and routing in REST APIs.
type: item
description: This proposal outlines the design and development of a Java-based software artifact implementing a custom API Gateway to manage security and access control, replacing the need for JWT token systems. The proposal encompasses the definition of functional requirements, software design and architecture, implementation, and system deployment, aiming to offer a secure and efficient solution for communication and control between clients and a REST API. The Design Science Research (DSR) methodology was applied, focusing on the design and implementation process of the software product, which enables secure integration between a client and a REST API. Security in web applications and REST API architectures is essential to protect system integrity, confidentiality, and availability in an increasingly threat-exposed digital environment. Additionally, the Scrum methodology facilitates agile and collaborative project management, ideal for iteratively and adaptively implementing security solutions. During the design and coding phases in Java, the custom API Gateway is defined to manage incoming requests and safely route traffic to REST APIs. The custom API Gateway incorporates features such as authentication, user role validation, and request logging. Simple endpoints are created on the REST API to ensure seamless communication with the gateway. This proposal provides a robust solution for managing security and access control in distributed applications. By using the API Gateway instead of JWT tokens, the system centralizes security and authentication efficiently, enhancing fault tolerance and maintaining stable performance.
subject: Information and Electronic Engineering
  topic: section
subject: api-gateway
  topic: keywords
subject: api-rest
  topic: keywords
subject: security
  topic: keywords
subject: mobile applications
  topic: keywords
subject: electronic invoicing
  topic: keywords
subject: software engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: information systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Software Architecture
  topic: disciplines
subject: Systems Integration
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mauricio Rea
creator: Antonio Quiña Mera
creator: Diego Trejo España
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mauricio Rea, Antonio Quiña Mera, Diego Trejo España https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: ág. 14
ending page: ág. 14
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v8i1.1171

Automated control for process optimization in banana production in Ecuador
type: item
description: Banana production in Ecuador faces challenges in operational efficiency and sustainability, with limited adoption of automatic control technologies that optimize processes and reduce environmental impacts. The objective of this study is to identify technological tools with a circular approach to implement automatic control systems that improve productivity, stability, and sustainability in the banana production chain. The literature review enabled the identification and selection of research from reliable sources, providing a solid foundation for the development of the study. Various tools with circular approaches were identified as fundamental to research on automatic control in banana production in Ecuador. The methodology employed is a scoping review, divided into three phases: planning, execution, and dissemination. Platforms focused on statistical variable analysis were used, allowing system performance optimization through data collection and analysis. This resulted in improved efficiency, stability, and responsiveness of automatic control systems. Additionally, the use of PLC and SCADA systems was highlighted as an effective methodology for designing automated control prototypes that benefit companies. These systems proved effective in improving efficiency and operational response by 20–30%. The review also highlights the positive impact of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in the Latin American industry, enhancing sustainability and competitiveness in global markets.
subject: Ingeniería Industrial
  topic: section
subject: Automatic control
  topic: keywords
subject: PLC
  topic: keywords
subject: SCADA
  topic: keywords
subject: banana production
  topic: keywords
subject: industrial sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: industrial automation
  topic: keywords
subject: process optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: Agricultural Engineering
  topic: disciplines
subject: Agroindustrial Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Edison Noe Buenaño Buenaño
creator: Ronald Fabricio Jiménez Salinas
creator: Kleiner Manuel Del Pezo Chalén
creator: Monica Isabel Paredes Castro
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Edison Noe Buenaño Buenaño, Ronald Fabricio Jiménez Salinas, Kleiner Manuel Del Pezo Chalén, Monica Isabel Paredes Castro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: ág. 12
ending page: ág. 12
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v8i1.1161

Methodology for the development of maintenance management systems based on the NTE- INEN-EN-15341 standard in manufacturing MSMEs in the province of Imbabura
type: item
description: Maintenance management in companies, whether large, small or medium-sized, is important since it allows adequate work of the machinery and operation of the processes, the research focuses on the design of a methodology for maintenance management, in manufacturing MSMEs in the province of Imbabura, which was divided into phases. Phase I. The population and sample selection were identified by applying statistical formulas and the type of economic activity they generate, obtaining a sample of 340 manufacturing MSMEs, In phase II, information was collected by applying the MES survey (Maintenance Effectiveness Survey), which consists of a set of questions related to the administration and management of maintenance that seeks to identify the level of maintenance carried out in manufacturing MSMEs in the region. province of Imbabura, as well as the processes that are carried out to fulfill the declared economic activity, where the strategic, operational and support processes were identified, it is necessary to emphasize that as they are manufacturing companies and their focus is production of clothing, food, leather goods, among others, have specialized machinery that must provide adequate operating and operational conditions. In phase II, once the information is obtained, the methodology for maintenance management in MSMEs, manufacturing companies in the province of Imbabura, is proposed, considering the situational diagnosis, design, implementation and verification.
subject: Ingeniería Industrial
  topic: section
subject: MSMEs
  topic: keywords
subject: Maintenance Management
  topic: keywords
subject: MES Survey
  topic: keywords
subject: Maintenance Effectiveness Survey
  topic: keywords
subject: Maintenance management
  topic: disciplines
creator: Jenyffer Yepez
creator: Karla Paola Negrete
creator: Marco Gabriel Alarcón
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jenyffer Yepez, Karla Paola Negrete, Marco Gabriela Alarcón https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-06
publication date: 2025-08-06
starting page: 10
ending page: 10
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v7i2.1156

Español
type: item
description: The research to obtain non-woven sheep wool (NWW) for application in felt hats begins with the washing of sheep wool (SW), which is then centrifuged and air-dried. Next, SW is opened and blended in the opening and mixing machine (O) to achieve homogenization with an average of 40mm. It is then processed in the carding machine (C) to align the fibers in the machine direction (MD) and cross direction (CD), and then it is rolled layer by layer onto a properly sized and shaped cone. Subsequently, it is placed on a vibrating plate (VP) where steam at 120°C is introduced from a steam boiler (SB) onto the SW layer. It is kneaded and rubbed with circular reciprocating movements to compact and felt, forming the NWW. Finally, it is left in the open air to dry with various shapes and sizes. The data obtained were analyzed using Past 4 software and have a 95% reliability (P>0.05). The conclusion reached is that the elongation (E) in MD and CD has averages of 59.56% and 58.27%, respectively. The tensile strength (TS) is 335.846 N in MD and 392.218 N in CD, with greater energy at break (EB) being observed at 20,052.36 joules in MD and 21,951.38 joules in CD when force is applied.
subject: Textile Industries Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Wool
  topic: keywords
subject: non-woven
  topic: keywords
subject: hat
  topic: keywords
subject: TEXTILES
  topic: disciplines
creator: Español
creator: español Esparza Encalada
creator: ESPAÑOL Jaramillo Tituaña
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
date: 2024-07-16
publication date: 2024-07-16
starting page: 13
ending page: 13
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v6i2.961

Immersive Education in the Transfer and Innovation of Scientific Research Results
type: item
description: In this work, augmented reality is applied to offer enveloping and participatory learning experiences through virtual environments or elements that complement the real world with digital content. It has been a documentary, exploratory, descriptive, and, in the pilot stage, with a qualitative approach. Technical information was collected on the various digitized and accessible topics through the ITCA Academy application, where the user receives the default information through electronic devices. The participants were satisfied with what was observed and said they processed the information received through immersive education. The understanding of the participants was superior compared to traditional teaching, minimizing the inconveniences of the teaching-learning process through the use of the application. The practical implementation of immersive education, with its interactive resources, covered the failures of traditional education, causing novel results in the teaching-learning process.
subject: Ingeniería Industrial
  topic: section
subject: Augmented reality
  topic: keywords
subject: Immersive education
  topic: keywords
subject: Technological transfer
  topic: keywords
subject: Innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Augmented reality
  topic: disciplines
subject: Education
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ismenia del Carmen Araujo Vílchez
creator: Nuria Janeth Galárraga Montalvo
creator: Cristina Nataly Cadena-Palacios
creator: Rocío Alejandra Duque Granados
creator: Andrés Fernando Benítez Soto
creator: Wendy Alejandra Franco Gualavisí
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
date: 2024-07-16
publication date: 2024-07-16
starting page: 14
ending page: 14
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v6i2.995

Prediction of rainfall for prevention using ARIMA models, Bayesian Optimization, and XGBoost Model.
type: item
description: This study focuses on providing a statistical model for precipitation at the Meteorological Station of the Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi, Tulcán canton, with the purpose of improving the forecasting capacity and resilience of the regional agricultural sector. Consequently, this work analyzes the vulnerabilities caused by meteorological variations in different regions of Ecuador and highlights the importance of agriculture in this context. For this purpose, a statistical model combining ARIMA method, Bayesian optimization and XGBoost models is proposed to predict rainfall behavior. On the basis of the results obtained in the study, we can predict the adjacent behavior of rainfall in a temporal margin that goes up to the month of December of the year 2024. This constitutes an essential resource for the choice of more favorable decisions and thus benefit the agricultural area in the ability to adapt to unfavorable climatic events.
subject: Energy, Environmental engineering
  topic: section
subject: Precipitation
  topic: keywords
subject: ARIMA
  topic: keywords
subject: XGBoost
  topic: keywords
subject: Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: Statesman
  topic: disciplines
creator: Andrés Fernando Tapia Arévalo
creator: Andrés Alejandro Galvis Correa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
date: 2024-07-16
publication date: 2024-07-16
starting page: 18
ending page: 18
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v6i2.1004

MATRIX METHOD FOR EVALUATION BASED ON EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS
type: item
description: In response to various causes leading to poor academic performance among students in Mathematics, the objective was to establish a matrix method metric for assessing Complex Mathematics learning; taking into account attitudinal, procedural, and cognitive axes, as well as conceptual, algebraic, and graphic-numerical aspects, i.e., a 3x3 matrix that allowed for the collection of specific data. Following the application of experimental trials focused on the acquisition, processing, and interpretation of numerical data, the result was two specific evaluation matrices. A "state matrix" describes the student's knowledge before the activity's execution and another at the trial's end, which allows for the comparison of knowledge before and after, expressing it as the extremes of a Markov chain; also, comparing it with other existing evaluation metrics, with the matrices serving as a grading rubric that helps identify shortcomings and propose improvements. Through a program in MATH LAB, a second outcome in the form of a "Transformation Matrix" was identified, which determines the evolution of the state matrix, i.e., quantitatively visualizes learning and thus measures the academic activity's efficiency. This involved analyzing the existence of eigenvalues and eigenvectors, which are interpreted in the discussion stage.
subject: Information and Electronic Engineering
  topic: section
subject: State matrix
  topic: keywords
subject: learning assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: eigenvectors
  topic: keywords
subject: transformation matrix
  topic: keywords
subject: Mathematics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Education
  topic: disciplines
creator: Alejandra Mabel Pinto Erazo
creator: Jorge Ricardo Benalcázar Gómez
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
date: 2024-07-16
publication date: 2024-07-16
starting page: 12
ending page: 12
doi: 10.53358/ideas.v6i2.1077