Research fraud policy

Ecos de la Academia receives manuscripts derived from academic research, scientific reflection, specialized review, or well-founded intellectual production. Authors must provide sufficient information about the study from which the manuscript derives, including its approach, methodology, sources, procedures, data, results, and analytical criteria, where applicable.

During editorial review and peer evaluation, the coherence among objectives, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusions will be assessed. Reviewers may evaluate methodological relevance, argumentative consistency, data traceability, source quality, presentation of results, and the manuscript’s contribution to the field of knowledge.

Research fraud includes any practice that alters, conceals, fabricates, falsifies, or manipulates academic, scientific, or documentary information. This includes data fabrication, falsification of results, image manipulation, alteration of tables or charts, citation distortion, use of non-existent sources, improper modification of evidence, misleading presentation of methodology, or false statements regarding authorship, affiliation, funding, ethical approval, or conflicts of interest.

The journal recommends that authors preserve and, where relevant, publish as open science objects the evidence, datasets, instruments, protocols, code, supplementary materials, or documents supporting the information used in the manuscript. The editorial team or reviewers may request additional information to verify the consistency, integrity, and traceability of the work.

The detection of fabrication, falsification, manipulation of data, citations, images, results, or any other form of academic fraud will be grounds for rejection of the manuscript. If the irregularity is identified after publication, Ecos de la Academia may apply editorial measures such as correction, expression of concern, or retraction, depending on the seriousness of the case.